![]() This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Gauss’s Law (1.3.1) also tells us that the displacement vector D integrated over a surface enclosing the entire structure must be zero because the integrated charge within that surface is zero that is, the integrated positive charge, s A, balances the integrated negative charge, - s A and D external to the device can be zero. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Finally, the use of the Fraunhofer approximation allows establishing a very useful relation between the far-field pattern of the diffracted field and the spatial Fourier transform of the field distribution immediately after the screen plane. ![]() In particular the Fresnel approach is shown to be equivalent to the paraxial picture. Diffraction theory is described as an approximate theory of wave propagation. The propagation of quasi-collimated monochromatic light beams, Gaussian waves, is treated by using the paraxial approximation. This chapter briefly reviews those aspects of electromagnetic theory that are particularly relevant for optics. Chapter 10: Antennas and Radiation - MIT WebChapter 1: Introduction to electromagnetics and electromagnetic fields. Light is an electromagnetic phenomenon that is described, in common with radio waves, microwaves and X-rays, by Maxwell equations.
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